Carole Patemans The Sexual Contract Essays

Carole Pateman's The Sexual Contract EssaysCarole Pateman's erotic love-letters were once read by hundreds of thousands, each one a curiosity for many. Her The Sexual Contract is actually a collection of essays in a series of books or can be considering a series of essays collected into one. In her essays, she often explores the nature of sexuality and the social, political, and philosophical issues surrounding it. Most of her topics address relationships between individuals or groups, however her essays on sex and sexuality in society are almost all new to me.A sex-specific contract, a contract in which two parties agree to engage in a specific activity as a means of accomplishing a common goal, has been the subject of controversy since ancient times. The ancient Greeks used the term 'contractus,' meaning 'a binding contract,' while the Romans referred to a 'sacramentum' in which a vow or contract is made by two people for a particular good.Sex, Sexuality, and Society are Pateman's topics in this series of novels. Like any other collection of essays, these topics are offered in no particular order, although they do suggest that some areas, such as sex in art, are covered more than others.In Sex, Pateman explores the relationship between sex and beauty, specifically how the latter influences the former. If one has the right kind of mind, one can make a woman beautiful by creating an aesthetically pleasing sex life.On the topics of the relationship between sex and the human body, Sex, Sexuality, and Society deals with the ways in which sex and sexuality are depicted in various media and in terms of sexuality in society. We learn that the voyeuristic aesthetic that surrounded the red-light district in Europe is similar to what we now see in MTV, in the pornography industry, and in sexual education films. Sex, Sexuality, and Society also touches on the implications of art of this kind for the learning of sex. It discusses the use of art to look at people in a new light, to question their morality, and to understand their relationships with one another.Submission is also a topic that is addressed in Sex, Sexuality, and Society. In that book, Pateman explores the different forms of female submission, especially of the bond between a married woman and her husband, and discusses the ways in which both parties, women and men, often practice submission in different ways.As with most of the books I have read, I felt the need to write about these topics in order to try to give my viewpoint, my experiences, and my opinions. Carole Pateman's The Sexual Contract is an excellent book that has given me a lot of new ideas to think about, both those I already had and those I would like to learn more about.

Montaigne and Augustine - 1359 Words

Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy December 12, 2005 Take-Home Final In regards to Montaigne s statement on page 23 in Apology for Raymond Sebond, I would deduce that he was using the metaphor of nature and natural tendencies in opposition to man s vain, self-seeking faà §ade that displaces God the creator. Montaigne s statement appears to (on the surface at least) value mans naturalistic tendencies and graces in a much better light than our own vain-striving presumptions that claim that our competent utterances hold the very answers to the right way in which to conduct oneself. Montaigne constantly uses the contrast of animals and humans with the former representing a more pure, natural existence that I assume is to be†¦show more content†¦On one hand, an aspect of medieval philosophy (generalization) focused on the extra-personal ways and modes in which a person s relationship with their creator ought to manifest them in daily life. Much of this was due to the pseudo-ecumenical reconciliation of the new Christian God to each individual person s belief system, traditions dogma, etc. For example, from Augustine to Aquinas as well as through the multifaceted approaches by the Muslims (Avicenna, Averroes, and Al Farabi) and the Hebrews (Mamonides), medieval philosophy covered the gamut of cultures and thought and on how faith and reason might come to terms with one another. One other aspect of this conflict could be seen as the collision of ancient thought and tradition, especially that of Plato and Aristotle with the introduction of a seemingly contradictory system of belief; Christianity. Thomas s main chore of reconciliation began with melding Aristotelian thought to the church doctrine on the topic of universals in this way: Universals are neither autonomous forms nor mere mental states. They are embedded in particular objects as their essence, or more literally, their whatness. Through the power of abstraction, the human mind can recognize certain similarities that exist in nature. These become concepts a nd thus came about the view of Moderate Realism (similar to Abelard s conceptualism 120 years earlier). Aquinas answer to the Faith vs. Reason dilemma reliesShow MoreRelated Skepticism Essays1139 Words   |  5 Pagesand questions onto the new religion; the first thing that had to go was the insistence on skepticism and probable knowledge. So early Christian thinkers such as Augustine and Boethius took on the epistemological traditions of Greece and Rome to demonstrate that one could arrive at certain knowledge in matters of Christian religion. Augustine devoted an entire book, Against the Academics, to proving that human beings can indeed arrive at certain knowledge. Skepticism, however, was radicallyRead MoreThe Education of Children Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesMichel Eyquem de Montaigne was born on February 28, 1533, into a time when only the wealthy received the privilege of a good education. At around 1539, Michel was sent to the College of Guienne in Bordeaux, where he completed the curriculum under the direction of George Buchanan by the time he had reached his thirteenth year. Michel spoke well of his educators and praised their teaching techniques, but he chastised the stern discipline of most of the schools during his time, saying that if one wereRead MoreAugustine Of Hippo, Later Known As St. Augustine Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesAugustine of Hippo, later known as St. Augustine, is credited with one of the most influential literary works of all time. Not only did his autobiographical work, Confessions, have great influence on both medieval and early modern writers like Dante, Montaigne, and Rousseau, it also had a profound e ffect, in fact a large one, on medieval thought and the thought of eras to come. It is also widely considered to be one of the first of its kind in the Western world. One might ask themselves what could’veRead MoreThe Philosophical Point Of Humanism1733 Words   |  7 Pageswere early or conservative humanists, Francis Bacon (1561-1626) represented later or agnostic and skeptical humanism. In France, pious classicists like Lefevre d Etaples (1453-1536) were succeeded by frank, urbane, and devout skeptics like Michel Montaigne (1533-1592) and bold anti-clerical satirists like Francois Rabelais (c.1495-1533). Humanistic contributions to science consisted mainly in the recovery of Greek scientific literature which evinced a more accurate and acceptable body of facts andRead MoreOf Truth by Francis Bacon and a Short Analysis What Is Truth? Said Jesting Pilate, and Would Not Stay for an Answer. Certainly There Be, That Delight in Giddiness, and Count It a Bondage to Fix a Belief; Affecting1 Free-1965 Words   |  8 Pagesembaseth it. For these winding, and crooked courses, are the goings of the serpent; which goeth basely upon the belly, and not upon the feet. There is no vice, that doth so cover a man with shame, as to be found false and perfidious. And therefore Montaigne saith prettily, when he inquired the reason, why the word of the lie should be such a disgrace, and such an odious charge? Saith he, If it be well weighed, to say that a man lieth, is as much to say, as that he is brave towards God, and a cowardRead MoreRenaissance and the Reformation Essay example2166 Words   |  9 P agescommunity. Many people associate Humanism with a disregarding of God; however Petrarch, the most notable Renaissance humanist, respected the teachings and philosophical foundations of the Church and admired prominent Church figures such as St. Augustine. Humanists, such as Petrarch, focused on personal expression, independence and appreciation of worldly pleasures. Petrarch outlines his humanistic view in a variety of letters, one example of which is A Self-Portrait and another The Ascent ofRead MoreWhat Constitute Happiness to Man6479 Words   |  26 Pagessatisfies all desires and also a state of peace or heavenly rest. The ultimate good, Augustine writes, is that for the sake of which other things are to be desired, while it is to be desired for its own sake; and, he adds, it is that by which the good is finished, so that it becomes complete - all-satisfying. But what is this final blessedness, the ultimate consummation, the unending end? It is peace. Indeed, Augustine says, we are said to be blessed when we have such peace as can be enjoyed inRead Morehistory of philosophy5031 Words   |  21 Pagesof elaborating the rules of three subjects. Medieval philosophy[edit] Further information:  Medieval philosophy The history of western medieval philosophy is generally divided into two periods, early medieval philosophy, which started with  St. Augustine  in the mid 4th century and lasted until the recovery in the 13th century West of a great bulk of  Aristotles works and their subsequent translation into Latin from the Arabic and Greek, and high medieval philosophy, which came about as a result ofRead Moresecond sex Essay13771 Words   |  56 Pagesself-justification. As Montaigne says, It is easier to accuse one sex than to excuse the other. Sometimes what is going on is clear enough. For instance, the Roman law limiting the rights of woman cited the imbecility, the instability of the sex just when the weakening of family ties seemed to threaten the interests of male heirs. And in the effort to keep the married woman under guardianship, appeal was made in the sixteenth century to the authority of St. Augustine, who declared that womanRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesindividuation. Philosophers from the Middle Ages include the Muslim philosophers Alkindus, Alfarabi, Alhazen, Avicenna, Algazel, Avempace, Abubacer and Averroes; the Jewish philosophers Maimonides and Gersonides; and the Christian philosophers Anselm, Augustine of Hippo, Boethius, Peter Abelard, Roger Bacon, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Jean Buridan. [edit] Renaissance (c. 1350–c. 1600) Main article: Renaissance philosophy [pic] [pic] Giordano Bruno The Renaissance (rebirth) was

PTSD and Hurricane Katrina Essay - 1112 Words

In times of emergency, life and death, and tragic despair, people often are reminded of the umbrella of stress that hangs over us. With such a world people live in today, at times its common to be caught up in the minor details of life; rather than enjoying the beauty of it all. Almost everyday, we live in a sheltered life, hidden away in our communities, just trying to skate by. But there are sometimes moments that occur in a lifetime, where that sheltered routine, that is so ingrained in our minds, is taken upon differently. August 29, 2005, day one of hurricane Katrina; this date, is one that is permanently ingrained in thousands of citizens of New Orleans. On this day, people have seen family members drown, houses destroyed, as well as†¦show more content†¦According to the journal of urban health, they stated, â€Å"The prevalence of symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD was 19.2%† (145 DeSalvo). The trauma for these victims did not stop there. Looking over to Marilyn Elias from USA TODAY, she states that, â€Å"The big surprise: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which typically goes away in a year for most disaster survivors, has increased: 21%† (16). But the true question is why is this happening? Why is the average among hurricane Katrina victims going through post-traumatic stress disorder increasing? When analyzing the actual causes of PTSD one must understand that, â€Å"Ordinarily, memories of particular events are remembered as stories that change and deteriorate over time... in PTSD the past is relived with an immediate sensory and emotional intensity† (Van der Kolk (quote within a quote)). Looking upon Van Der Kolk’s words, although Katrina victim’s endure most of their psychological stress through the memory of the incident, the increase diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder relating to victims after hurricane Katrina could be linked back to the inability to leave the city. Ultimately , for those who stayed during hurricane Katrina, they feel as if New Orleans is their only home. But because of this ignorance to flee the city, not only is post-traumatic stress disorder a common occurrence among victims, but it is increasing solely due to the fact that victims are reliving such a tragic memory in the locationShow MoreRelatedThe Severity Of People s Ptsd Symptoms Following The Hurricane967 Words   |  4 Pagespeople s PTSD symptoms following the hurricane was overtly connected to the amount of television coverage they watched of the damage which included the looting of New Orleans, rescue efforts, and evacuations in and around the Superdome and the Convention Center in New Orleans. People fared better in terms of PTSD symptoms if they watched less television coverage overall, especially of the looting. They also benefitted from using prayer as a way of coping with the stress of the hurricane. A naturalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1259 Words   |à ‚  6 Pagesstress disorder (PTSD) affects many individuals in the United States. This paper focuses on individuals who survived hurricane Ike and Katrina and as a result, suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder. PTSD can affect an individual for a couple of weeks to a few years after the exposure. People who suffer from PTSD can also suffer from depression and substance use (Odonnell Forbes, 2016). The period after a natural disaster can also feed the negative feelings that come with PTSD, depression, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Hurricane Katrina On The United States824 Words   |  4 Pageshistory was being created. This moment has come to be known as Hurricane Katrina. Her high wind speeds and three days of endless rain led to numerous deaths and astronomical amounts of damages for the residents of Louisiana and Mississippi. Although her terror only lasted for three taunting days, just like the residue she left behind, she also left residents with emotional, physical, and psycho social scars. The onset of Hurricane Katrina proved to be the very element that separated the economicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Hurricane Katrina And Its Impact On The Mental Health2127 Words   |  9 Pages PTSD, Psychological Effects of Hurricane Katrina and its impact on the Mental Health By definition, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), is the †¦ It was not until the 1980’s that the diagnosis of PTSD as we know it today came to be. However, throughout history people have recognized that exposure to combat situations can have profound negative impact on the mind s and bodies of individuals in these situations. But there are other catastrophic events that can have such profound impact on peopleRead MoreRisks And Consequences Of Hurricane Katrinas Four Years After Katrina1029 Words   |  5 PagesFour years after Katrina, a mix of progress and inertia. USA Today, 28 Aug. 2009, p. 06A. Global Issues in Context, ezp.gvltec.edu:2048/login?url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A206816088/GIC?u=gvltec_mainxid=a646acc3. Accessed 1 Nov. 2017.Summary: In this article it puts into perspective the risk of living near the coast. That is the reason insurance near the coast is so expensive. This is because in the event of a hurricane you could lose your house. The insurance companies will be moreRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hurricane Kat rina Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagescranny of the world. No matter the severity, they all appear to have a similar effect: deterioration of mental health stability among those involved. Children and adults alike possess the risk of suffering from mental disorders, such as depression and PTSD, following exposure to a traumatic event. However, the circumstances of these events differ, simply because not all mass tragedies are the same. No matter what type of event occurs, a mass tragedy can mentally scar those involved, putting a population’sRead MoreThe Population Of Hurricane Katrina Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pagesstate, and local levels of government do this in an effort to help reduce injury and property damage as well as ensure the overall safety of the general population. The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season saw the costliest and one of the deadliest storms in United States history. This storm was Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina displaced of an estimated 645,000 Louisiana citizens (Cepeda, Valdez, Kaplan, Hill, 2010). This paper will examine†¦ This storm took a grave toll on the city of New Orleans. TheRead MoreZeitoun Fight or Flight795 Words   |  3 Pagesprotect your belongings and property when a Category 5 hurricane is barreling towards your city? Is it right to disregard reports about a storm because in past experiences the news has been wrong? In Zeitoun by Dave Eggers, a man named Zeitoun decides to let his family evacuate New Orleans without him so that he can stay behind and protect his several homes, business, and personal belongings from Category 5 hurricane Katrina. Once the hurricane passes, and he survives, the city turns into chaos. TheRead MoreZeitoun Essay example2192 Words   |  9 Pagesfor someone or something to blame, but in reality there was nothing to blame? Well, a natural disaster can be blamed on no one, but in times like that emotions run wild and blame can be put on someone who fits a certain profile. Racism and Hurricane Katrina were two forces that clashed together to create an even big ger problem for the victims. This is caused by an insecurity of the situation at hand. In the book Zeitoun by Dave Eggers, racism and racial profiling is the underlying themes in theRead MoreCrisis Management Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesSystem Encyclopedia (2008) in the year 2007, there were 2,022 children ages 0-15 and 5,338 teens ages 16-20 who died in fatal car accident. Other crises include disasters. Since 2003 there have been 4 hurricanes (hurricanes Isabel, Ivan, Katrina, and Ophelia) in the United States. Hurricane Katrina displaced over 372,000 school-aged children (Dickenson, 2008). In the September 11 attack, there were 3,051 children who lost a parent (New York Media, 2008). Earthquakes, thunderstorms, and tornadoes

The Government of Australia

Question: Discuss and critically Analyse the court/Tribunal decision and the reason for the decision. Answer: Introduction The government of Australia has seen the need to protect the rights of consumers to avoid abusive business practices through legislation that in some cases, cross borders. These laws are accompanied by specialized agencies responsible for information and advice about it. In this regard, use of web platforms to inform consumers based on the premise of "knowing your rights can claim them." However, challenges are still pending regarding the time taken to complete trials and the benefits gained by consumers once the host demand. The LCA is a cooperative reform government of Australia through the Consumer Council of Ministers (CACM) (Komawar, 2010). This new law gives consumers the same rights and safeguards throughout Oceania, and the creation of a single system of national application with enforcement powers to agencies Consumer Protection, new penalties for companies and repair options for consumers . This new Consumer Law is regulated jointly by the Securities and Investments Australia (ASIC), the State agency for consumer protection and the Australian Competition Commission and Consumption ACCC, the latter being the body responsible for promoting benefit fair trade consumers, businesses and the community. among the cases dealing with consumer protection law we discuss and analyze in this paper are ACCC v Baxter Healthcare [2007] for misuse of the market power which is a power misused by a lot of these companies. Secondly was a charge based on Baxter healthcare exclusive dealing and lastly was the charge on immunity crown derivative. the second case is ACCC v Leahy Petroleum Pty Ltd [2007] for prices fixing charges and the meaning of contract, understanding and agreement. The Australian consumer is protected against: 1. conducive deceptive or misleading attitudes. A company can break the law if you do not disclose some important information about the product or creates a conducive deceptive or misleading attitude about the value or quality of goods and services. 2. Letter girl. The company cannot rely on the "fine print" to fool the customer. The important features of a product or service must be explained with clear and notorious letter. 3. Misleading advertising. A company cannot advertise products or services at a discounted price if you have limited quantities of the product offered. 4. Acceptance of undue payment. A company cannot accept payment for goods or services if you do not intend to make delivery, or if you cannot deliver. 5. Country of origin. A company cannot mislead consumers about a country in which they were manufactured, produced or grown products. 6. Discrepancies between price shop and catalog price. In these cases the company must sell the product at the lowest price. 7. inequitable conduct, ie when the company is expressed abusing the "goodwill" of the consumer. It does not explain the contract knowing that the consumer does not speak English or when induced to sign a blank contract or unfavorable. ACL replaces the previous legislation which operated since 1974 and clarifies the understanding of parties, consumers and businesses (Komawar, 2010). It is estimated that the benefits to the community will range from AU $ 1.5 billion to $ 4.5 billion AU. ACCC v Baxter Healthcare [2007] Baxter healthcare Pty ltd was involved in the civil suit by ACCC due to supply of state purchases of sterile fluids used in treatment of dialysis patients. Baxter are a manufacturer of intravenous (IV) solutions, nutritional products and peritoneal dialysis fluids. The control of the market by this company makes it have a monopolistic competitive advantage. State purchasing authority (SPA) was to be supplied by Baxter the sterile and Pd fluid which it had a real competition in supply. However, it offered either good items at high prices or bundled items at significantly low prices to beat the competitors during the award of the tender. The lower prices were on terms and conditions that Baxter be offered the contract to supply on sole supplier basis. Allegation During the court case hearing, it was alleged by ACCC that Baxter had used its powers to fair competition in the wrong way. It had contravened the powers of exclusivity, dealing exclusively and provisions of market power misuse (Howells and Weatherill, 2005). The market power it enjoyed in supply of the medical products effectively compelled the SPAs to exclusively enter into contractual agreement for the supply including the PD fluids. Derivative crown immunity It was held by majority of the court during the proceedings that the parties in question SPAs and Baxter did not have the benefit of crown immunity when thjey were dealing with each other. ACCC had brought charges that the company had contravened the act therefore benefiting from the derivative crown immunity. Exclusive dealing It was held by majority of the Federal Court that the company contravened article 47 of ithe consumer protection law; in particular, it effectively lessened the competition due to its state of monopoly it enjoyed thereby dealing exclusively to supply. Misuse of the market privileges and power The court held that Baxter in this occasion had a substantial and significant power in respect to the supply of PD fluids which it had taken advantage of this process to reduce competition. ACCC v Leahy Petroleum Pty Ltd [2007] Allegation This was a long case that had a lot of ramifications for the companies. ACCC had held allegations that several retailers dealing in petroleum products within the Geelong area had effected price fixing provisions. It was alleged that the parties in question had made several calls to each other and had engagements on raising prices after the calls. They discussed the time to effect the price increase and also the possible increase margins. The trade practices act had been contravened due to the arrangements by the petroleum retailers. In the court it was held that there was no contract, there was no arrangement, and there was no understanding between the parties. It was held by the high court that there was no obligation to increase the prices. Additionally, the terms in contract, arrangements and understanding are only intended to represent consensual dealings spectrum. No corporation is intended to make contracts or stated arrangements to fix prices which are in contravention of the trade practices act to arrive to a pre determined agreement. The other party must be involved in making, arriving at the conclusions of the contract, understanding or arrangement. There must be forms signed of contractual dealings. A contract form is one of the three. It is a high degree formal agreement showing the consensual dealing. All parties in a contract must agree to it in order for it to be enforceable by law. Arrangement form is of a lesser degree in formal arrangement (Howells and Weatherill, 2005). There should be express communication by parties involved but less formal than a contract. Arrangement form has a susceptible elasticity in meaning. It was held that in this case the petroleum dealers had no case to answer due to the following agreement, understanding and contractual terms. What is an anti-competitive agreement? An anticompetitive agreement is any contract, agreement, concerted practice or consciously parallel between two or more undertakings that prevent, restrict or distort competition or have the potential to fill one of these effects. The anti-competitive agreements can be anti-competitive by themselves or by their effects. The former are called cartels. Anti-competitive agreements can be presented in different parts of the production chain:It is called horizontal agreements those agreements between companies providing similar goods or services or substitutes in a single link in the production chain. An example of this is agreement among corn producers. It is called vertical agreements those agreements between economic agents which are at different levels of the production chain, for example, which arise between a corn producer and wholesale distributor Current regulations considers that an agreement can be anti-competitive by object or effect. Anticompetitive by object are those agreements whose purpose, regardless that have actually been executed on the market, qualifies as such. An agreement is anti-competitive by its effect when the result of the same, regardless of the order to the parties, has anti-competitive effects on the market. Companies participating in a market as a poster do in order to agree on prices, set production quotas or share markets. So, cartels are formed in order to remove the pressure from competing companies since, in the absence of the cartel, the companies are forced to keep prices down and innovation in products and methods, and / or improve their quality (Howells and Weatherill, 2005). The poster can maintain higher prices, fixed prices, lower quality and less variety of goods and services, which affects consumers. Dominant position What behaviors constitute an abuse of a dominant position? As mentioned earlier, the dominant position is not necessarily anti-competitive; in fact, the result of vigorous competition may result in the acquisition of a dominant market position. Now, if a company uses its dominant position to exclude or exploit their competitors or consumers, it is said that abused. According to Article 50 trade practice act , when there dominant position constitutes abuse of the same the following behaviors: Declining prices below costs, also called predatory pricing. The term "dominant position" refers to the ability of a company to determine the conditions of the relevant market in which it participates. This means that the company has the possibility, regardless of your competitors are doing, to set prices, amounts of production, quality of assets, etc., regardless of the pressures of competition. This, in turn, can affect your competitors for consumers or participants in the market. What does d efine the relevant market? In the product market the product characteristics are determined or, in other words, the characteristics that define it, ie, qualities that can be used to differentiate and singling regarding similar or similar. How do you test that a company has committed an abuse of a dominant position? First, it must prove that the company has a dominant position as a result of the characteristics of the market and their position in it, taking into account such factors as their share in this, the financial capacity of the company, barriers entry, network effects or legislation blanket. (Howells and Weatherill, 2005) Second, it reveals the effects that the conduct on the market was necessary, considering that not necessarily the competitor must have been expelled from it. It should be noted that companies with dominant position must be particularly careful in their behavior in the market and, therefore, sufficient that the object of their conduct involves a loss or im pairment in social welfare that abusive conduct is configured. What acts are considered contrary to free competition? According to Article 48 , considered contrary to free competition are the following acts: Influence a company to increase the prices of their products or services or to desist from its intention to cut prices. Refusing to sell or provide services to a business or discriminate against it as this would be seen as a retaliation to its pricing policy. Depending on the outcome of the preliminary investigation the need to open a formal investigation will be determined. This will personally notify the investigation to request or provide evidence seeking to enforce. Conclusion During the investigation the evidence requested considers appropriate be practiced. Instructed the investigation, the Superintendent will present a reasoned report to indicate whether or not there was a violation. That report shall be conveyed to the investigation and interested parties, if any, who will present their observations. To establish the existence of an infringement of the laws and to take appropriate action, the ACCC is authorized to carry out the decree and practice of various exhibits, visits, and applications to individuals or entities for the provision of data, reports, books and trade papers. An investigation for violation of the rules on restrictive business practices may be terminated early by granting guarantees (Howells and Weatherill, 2005). To this it will be required to present investigated his offer before the expiration of the term granted by the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce to request or provide evidence. Failure to comply with the obligations arising from the acceptance of guarantees is considered a violation of the rules of protection of competition and will lead to the penalties provided by the Australian law, at the request of the explanations required. References ACCC intervention in private proceedings. (2002). [Dickson, A.C.T.]: Australian Competiton and Consumer Commission. ACCC telecommunications reports 2001-02. (2003). Dickson, A.C.T.: ACCC. ACCC working in Victoria. (1999). Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. H.R. 503, a bill to amend the Horse Protection Act. (2006). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. H.R. 3402, the Calling Card Consumer Protection Act. (2010). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. H.R. 3993, the Calling Card Consumer Protection Act of 2009. (2012). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. Howells, G. and Weatherill, S. (2005). Consumer protection law. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate. Komawar, S. (2010). The Consumer Protection Act. Nagpur, Maharashtra: All India Reporter. Monitoring of the Australian petroleum industry. (2008). Canberra, ACT: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. The International Consumer Protection Act of 2003. (2003). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. The International Consumer Protection Act of 2003. (2003). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. Trade Secrets Protection Act of 2014. (n.d.). .